Browse Exile Cases

This browse area lists all exile cases in the database by the name of the exiled individual or group in alphabetical order. Results will display as a list of exile cases each one of which you can then explore further. You will also be able to refine the list further and display statistical information through using the facets on the left hand side.

Showing 1 to 63 of 63

Person/Group Name	Exile Date	Sent From	Went To	Returned	Previous Office	Relationships	Sources
Adelphius of Onouphis View Case	from: 358 to: --	Onouphis [Maḥallat Minūf]	Psinabla [Shandaweil]	unknown	bishop	Sebastianus Melania the Elder Paphnutius Pambo Ammonius Parotes 11 bishops of Egypt George of Cappadocia	Athanasius, historia Arianorum 72 (PG 25:780); Athanasius, de fuga 7 (PG 25:653); Theodoret, historia ecclesiastica 2.14 (SC 501:394) Palladius, Historia Lausiaca 46.2
Agathodaemon View Case	from: 358 to: --	Egypt or Lybia [Egypt or Lybia]	unknown [unknown]	unknown	bishop	Sebastianus	Athanasius, historia Arianorum 72 (PG 25:780)
Agathus View Case	from: 358 to: --	Egypt or Lybia [Egypt or Lybia]	unknown [unknown]	unknown	bishop	Sebastianus	Athanasius, historia Arianorum 72 (PG 25:780); Athanasius, de fuga 7 (PG 25:653); Theodoret, historia ecclesiastica 2.14 (SC 501:394)
Alexander of Hierapolis View Case	from: 431 to: --	Hierapolis/Bambyke [Manbiǧ]	Famothis [Lake Mareotis]	unknown	bishop	Theodosius II	ACO 1.4:203, no. 279
Ammonius of Pacnemunis View Case	from: 358 to: 362	Pachnamounis [Kom el-Khanziri]	Oasis Magna/Thebaidos [El-Kharga]	yes	bishop	Sebastianus Gaius of Thmouis Hermes Anagamphus Marcus of Zygra	Athanasius, historia Arianorum 72 (PG 25:780); Athanasius, de fuga 7 (PG 25:653); Theodoret, historia ecclesiastica 2.14 (SC 501:394)
Ammonius Parotes View Case	from: 358 to: --	Egypt or Lybia [Egypt or Lybia]	unknown [unknown]	unknown	bishop	Sebastianus Melania the Elder 11 bishops of Egypt	Athanasius, historia Arianorum 72 (PG 25:780); Athanasius, de fuga 7 (PG 25:653); Theodoret, historia ecclesiastica 2.14 (SC 501:394) Palladius, Historia Lausiaca 46.2
Anagamphus View Case	from: 358 to: --	Egypt or Lybia [Egypt or Lybia]	Oasis Magna/Thebaidos [El-Kharga]	unknown	bishop	Sebastianus Marcus of Zygra	Athanasius, historia Arianorum 72 (PG 25:780); Athanasius, de fuga 7 (PG 25:653); Theodoret, historia ecclesiastica 2.14 (SC 501:394)
Anianus of Antioch View Case	from: 359 to: --	Seleucia ad Calycadnum/Tracheia [Silifke]		unknown	bishop	Bassidius Lauricius	Socrates, historia ecclesiastica 2.40
Apollonius View Case	from: 358 to: --	Egypt or Lybia [Egypt or Lybia]	unknown [unknown]	unknown	bishop	Sebastianus	Athanasius, historia Arianorum 72 (PG 25:780); Athanasius, de fuga 7 (PG 25:653); Theodoret, historia ecclesiastica 2.14 (SC 501:394)
Apollus View Case	from: 358 to: --	Egypt or Lybia [Egypt or Lybia]	unknown [unknown]	unknown	bishop	Sebastianus	Athanasius, historia Arianorum 72 (PG 25:780)
Arius of Petrae in Palestine View Case	from: 343 to: --	Petra [Petra]	Upper Lybia [n/a]	unknown	bishop	Constantius II	Athanasius, Historia Arianorum 15.4, 18.3 (Opitz 2:190, 192)
Asterius of Arabia View Case	from: 343 to: --	Arabia [Arabia]	Upper Lybia [n/a]	unknown	bishop	Constantius II	Athanasius, Historia Arianorum 15.4, 18.3 (Opitz 2:190, 192)
Athenodorus View Case	from: 358 to: --	Egypt or Lybia [Egypt or Lybia]	Ammonia [Marsa Matruh]	unknown	bishop	Sebastianus Psenosiris Nilammon Plenius	Athanasius, historia Arianorum 72 (PG 25:780); Athanasius, de fuga 7 (PG 25:653); Theodoret, historia ecclesiastica 2.14 (SC 501:394)
Catholic Visigothic Bishops View Case	from: 582 to: --	Spain or Gaul [Spain or Gaul]		unknown	bishop	Liuvigild	Isidore of Seville, Historia Gothorum, 50, in Conquerors and Chroniclers of Early Medieval Spain, ed. Kenneth Baxter Wolf (Liverpool: 1990).
Dorotheus of Marcianopolis View Case	from: 432 to: --	Marcianopolis [Devnya]	Caesarea [Kayseri]	unknown	bishop	Theodosius II Theodosius II Nestorius	ACO 1.4:203, no. 279 Iohannes Rufus, Plerophories (Nau, PO 8, 1911: 83), citing History composed by Timothy Aelurus. Barhadbessaba Arbaia (Nau, PO 9/5, 1913:493-677) 30
Dracontius View Case	from: 358 to: --	Egypt or Lybia [Egypt or Lybia]	Clysma [Suez]	unknown	bishop	Hilarion Sebastianus George of Cappadocia	Athanasius, historia Arianorum 72 (PG 25:780); Athanasius, de fuga 7 (PG 25:653); Theodoret, historia ecclesiastica 2.14 (SC 501:394) Hieronymus, vita Hilarionis 20 (SC 508:268)
Egidius of Reims View Case	from: 590 to: --	Mettis [Metz]	Argentorate [Strasbourg]	unknown	bishop	Childebert II Romulfus of Reims Ennodius	Gregorius of Tours, historiae 10.19 (MGH SS rer. Merov. 1.1:510-13) http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00000747_00555.html?sortIndex=010%3A020%3A0001%3A010%3A01%3A00&zoom=0.75
Eulogius View Case	from: 358 to: --	Egypt or Lybia [Egypt or Lybia]	unknown [unknown]	unknown	bishop	Sebastianus	Athanasius, historia Arianorum 72 (PG 25:780)
Euphemius of Constantinople View Case	from: 496 to: 515	Constantinopolis [Istanbul]	Euchaita [Beyözü]	no	bishop	Anastasius Macedonius II of Constantinople Archdeacon in Constantinople	Ioannes of Nikiu, chronica 89.46; Victor of Tunnuna, chronica 496 (MGH AA 11.2: 192); Theodorus (Anagnostes) Lector, historia ecclesiastica 457 (GCS 53:128); Malalas, chronica 16.11 (Dindorf, 400); Theophanes, AM 5989 (de Boor, 140); Chronicle of Zuqnin, Third part, 488-489, 497-498 (Harrak, 37-8);
Eusebius of Dorylaeum View Case	from: 449 to: 451	Ephesus [Selçuk]		yes	bishop	Leo of Rome	Collectio Avellana, Gesta de nomine Acaci, epist. 99.11-16 (CSEL 35.1:444-5) https://archive.org/stream/epistulaeimperat01gnth#page/444/mode/2up
'Fathers' View Case	from: 553 to: 565			yes	bishop	Iustinus II	Venantius Fortunatus, Appendix 2, 39-42 (J. George, Translated Texts for Historians, 113)
Flavius View Case	from: 358 to: --	Egypt or Lybia [Egypt or Lybia]	unknown [unknown]	unknown	bishop	Sebastianus	Athanasius, historia Arianorum 72 (PG 25:780)
Florentius of Epidaurum View Case	from: 592 to: 597	Epidaurum [Cavtat]		unknown	bishop	Gregorius Magnus Antoninus (subdiaconus) congregation of Epidaurum Natalis	Gregorius Magnus, epistula 3.9-10, 8:11 (MGH Epp 1:169-70, 2:13-14) http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/goToPage/bsb00000535.html?pageNo=168&sortIndex=040%3A010%3A0001%3A010%3A00%3A00 http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00000536_00058.html?sortIndex=040%3A010%3A0002%3A010%3A00%3A00&pageNo=14&zoom=1.00
Frontinus of Salona View Case	from: 554 to: 562	Constantinopolis [Istanbul]	Antinoopolis [El Sheikh Ibada]	unknown	bishop	Petrus of Salona	Victor of Tunnuna, chronica 554 and 562 (MGH auct. ant. 11:203, 205)
Gaianus of Alexandria View Case	from: 536 to: --	Alexandria [Alexandria]	Carthago [Carthage]	unknown	bishop	Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Iustinianus Theodora (empress) Theodosius of Alexandria Narsis Gaianitians in Alexandria Dioscorus	Liberatus, Breviarium 20 (ACO 2.5:135) Historia patriarcharum Alexandrinorum 1.13 (PO 1:455-461) Victor of Tunnuna, chronica 540 (MGH AA 11:199)
Gaius of Thmouis View Case	from: 358 to: --	Thmouis [Tell Timai]	Oasis Magna/Thebaidos [El-Kharga]	unknown	bishop	Sebastianus Hermes Anagamphus Marcus of Zygra	Athanasius, historia Arianorum 72 (PG 25:780); Athanasius, de fuga 7 (PG 25:653); Theodoret, historia ecclesiastica 2.14 (SC 501:394)
Heraclides View Case	from: 358 to: --	Egypt or Lybia [Egypt or Lybia]	unknown [unknown]	unknown	bishop	Sebastianus	Athanasius, historia Arianorum 72 (PG 25:780)
Hermes View Case	from: 358 to: --	Egypt or Lybia [Egypt or Lybia]	Oasis Magna/Thebaidos [El-Kharga]	unknown	bishop	Sebastianus Anagamphus Marcus of Zygra	Athanasius, historia Arianorum 72 (PG 25:780); Athanasius, de fuga 7 (PG 25:653); Theodoret, historia ecclesiastica 2.14 (SC 501:394)
Ianuarius of Malaga View Case	from: 589 to: 603	Malaca [Malaga]		unknown	bishop	Comitiolus Gregorius Magnus Iohannes (defensor)	Gregorius Magnus, epistula 13.46-7 (CCSL 140A:1052-7).
Ioannes of Constantinople (fifth c.) View Case	from: 401 to: --	Constantinopolis [Istanbul]	Pontus [Anatolia]	unknown	bishop	Theophilus of Alexandria	Prosper of Aquitaine, chronica 1220, ann. 401 (MGH auct. ant. 9, chronica minora 1:464) http://www.dmgh.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb00000798_00476.html?sortIndex=010%3A010%3A0009%3A010%3A00%3A00&zoom=0.75
Ioannes of Hephaistopolis View Case	from: 536 to: --	Hephaistopolis [Kayetbai]	Fortress Derkos [n/a]	no	bishop	Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Iustinianus Theodora (empress) Ioannes of Ephesus	Ioannes of Ephesus, Life of Z’ura (PO 17:35) Ioannes of Ephesus, Life of John of Hephaistopolis (PO 18:528-529) Victor of Tunnuna, chronica 540 (MGH AA 11:199)
Iohannes of Girona View Case	from: 577 to: 586	Gerunda [Girona]	Col. Barcino [Barcelona]	yes	bishop	Liuvigild	Isidorus of Seville, de viris illustribus 62 (PL 83:1105)
Iohannes of Paltus View Case	from: 512 to: --	Paltos [Arab al-Mulk]	Petra [Petra]	no	bishop		Marcellinus comes, chronica 512 (MGH 11:98)
Liberius of Rome (PCBE 2, Liberius 1, 1297-8) View Case	from: 356 to: 358	Roma [Rome]	Beroe [Stara Zagora]	yes	bishop	Liberius' brothers, the presbyters and fellow bishops of the east Constantius II Fortunatianus of Aquileia Ursacius of Singidunum Valens of Mursa Germinius of Sirmium Felix Epictetus Auxentius of Milan Vincentius Caecilianus Urbicus Venerius Eusebius of Vercelli Lucifer of Cagliari Dionysius of Milan Demophilus of Constantinople Hilarius All the bishops of Campania People of Rome Deputation from the Western Bishops Deputies of the Eastern bishops and of other priests Athanasius Crescens Eusebia (Empress) Eusebius (eunuch) Noblewomen of Rome Damasus Catulinus Constantina Osius of Cordoba Hilarius of Poitiers Rhodanius of Toulouse	ICUR, NS 9, 24831 Hilarius of Poitiers, coll. Antiar. Paris., B VII (CSEL 65:164-73) Eusebius of Vercelli, epistula 2.4.2 (CCSL 9:106) Sozomenus, historia ecclesiastica 4.11 and 15 (NPNF) Theoderetus, historia ecclesiastica 2.17 (SC 501:412). Ammianus Marcellinus 15.7.6-10 Gesta inter Liberium et Felicem, collectio Avellana 1-3 (CSEL 35.1:1-2) Rufinus, historia ecclesiastica 10.23 and 28 (Mommsen, 988 and 990-91) Socrates, historia ecclesiastica 2.37.91-4 Liberius, epistula 3.1 (CCSL 9:123) Hieronymus, de viris illustribus 97 (TU 14.1:47) Athanasius, historia Arianorum 36-41 (Opitz 2.1:203-6) Athanasius, apologia contra Arianos 89 Liber Pontificalis 37 (MGH Gesta pontificum Romanorum 1:77-9) CLE 00787 = ICUR-09, 24831 (p 389) = ILCV 00967 (em) = AE 2007, +00127 Philostorgius, historia ecclesiastica 4.3
Liberius of Rome (PCBE 2, Liberius 1, 1297-8) View Case	from: 352 to: 356	Roma [Rome]	cemetery of Novella on the Via Salaria [n/a]	unknown	bishop	Constantius II	Gesta Liberii 3
Marcus of Philae View Case	from: 358 to: --	Philae [Aswan]	Ammonia [Marsa Matruh]	unknown	bishop	Sebastianus Athenodorus Psenosiris Nilammon Plenius	Athanasius, historia Arianorum 72 (PG 25:780); Athanasius, de fuga 7 (PG 25:653); Theodoret, historia ecclesiastica 2.14 (SC 501:394)
Marcus of Zygra View Case	from: 358 to: --	Zygra [Sidi Barrani]	Oasis Magna/Thebaidos [El-Kharga]	unknown	bishop	Sebastianus Sebastianus	Athanasius, historia Arianorum 72 (PG 25:780); Athanasius, de fuga 7 (PG 25:653); Theodoret, historia ecclesiastica 2.14 (SC 501:394)
Meletius of Mopsuestia View Case	from: 432 to: --	Mopsou(h)estia [Yakapınar]	Melitene [Malatya]	unknown	bishop	Theodosius II	ACO 1.4:203, no. 279
Muius View Case	from: 358 to: --	Egypt or Lybia [Egypt or Lybia]	Ammonia [Marsa Matruh]	unknown	bishop	Sebastianus Marcus of Philae Athenodorus Psenosiris Nilammon Plenius	Athanasius, historia Arianorum 72 (PG 25:780); Athanasius, de fuga 7 (PG 25:653); Theodoret, historia ecclesiastica 2.14 (SC 501:394)
Nilammon View Case	from: 358 to: --	Egypt or Lybia [Egypt or Lybia]	Ammonia [Marsa Matruh]	unknown	bishop	Sebastianus Plenius	Athanasius, historia Arianorum 72 (PG 25:780); Athanasius, de fuga 7 (PG 25:653); Theodoret, historia ecclesiastica 2.14 (SC 501:394)
Paphnutius View Case	from: 358 to: --	Egypt or Lybia [Egypt or Lybia]	unknown [unknown]	unknown	bishop	Sebastianus Melania the Elder Pambo Ammonius Parotes 11 bishops of Egypt	Athanasius, historia Arianorum 72 (PG 25:780) Palladius, Historia Lausiaca 46.2
Paulus of Alexandria View Case	from: 540 to: --	Alexandria [Alexandria]	Gaza [Gaza]	unknown	bishop	Psoes Zoilus Pelagius of Rome	Liberatus, Breviarium 23 (ACO 2.5:139)
Paulus of Edessa View Case	from: 519 to: 519	Edessa [Şanlıurfa]	Seleucia [Babil Governorate]	yes	bishop	Iustinus Euphrasius of Constantinople Patricius Citizens and monks of Edessa Paulus the Jew of Antioch	Chronicum Edessenum 89-92 (CSCO Scr. Syr. 3.4,1903: 9-10) https://archive.org/stream/chronicaminorapa00guid#page/8/mode/2up Chronicle of Zuqnin, Third part, 517-518, 525-526 (Harrak, 51, 55)
Petrus Fullo View Case	from: 471 to: 476	Antiochia/Theoupolis [Antakya]	Oasis Magna/Thebaidos [El-Kharga]	yes	bishop	Leo of Rome Flavius Basiliscus	Gelasius, Gesta de nomine Acacii (CSEL 35, n. 99: 440 and 450); Liberatus, Breviarum 17 (ACO 2.5: 130); Theodorus (Anagnostes) Lector, historia ecclesiastia 392 (GCS 53:110); Theophanes, AM 5967
Petrus Mongus View Case	from: 477 to: 482	Alexandria [Alexandria]	Euchaita [Beyözü]	yes	bishop	Flavius Zenon Ioannes Talaia Simplicius of Rome Acacius of Constantinople	Theodorus (Anagnostes) Lector, historia ecclesiastica 422-4 (GCS n.F. 3: 117); Theophanes, AM 5976 (de Boor 130); Collectio Avellana, epistula 70.4 (CSEL 35.1:156-7) https://archive.org/stream/epistulaeimperat01gnth#page/156/mode/2up
Philo View Case	from: 358 to: --	Egypt or Lybia [Egypt or Lybia]	Babylon (in Egypt) [Fustat]	unknown	bishop	Hilarion Sebastianus George of Cappadocia	Athanasius, historia Arianorum 72 (PG 25:780); Athanasius, de fuga 7 (PG 25:653); Theodoret, historia ecclesiastica 2.14 (SC 501:394) Hieronymus, vita Hilarionis 20 (SC 508:268)
Phoebadius of Agen View Case	from: 359 to: --			n/a	bishop		Sulpicius Severus, chronica 2.44.2
Plenius View Case	from: 358 to: --	Egypt or Lybia [Egypt or Lybia]	Ammonia [Marsa Matruh]	unknown	bishop	Sebastianus	Athanasius, historia Arianorum 72 (PG 25:780); Athanasius, de fuga 7 (PG 25:653); Theodoret, historia ecclesiastica 2.14 (SC 501:394)
Psais View Case	from: 358 to: --	Egypt or Lybia [Egypt or Lybia]	unknown [unknown]	unknown	bishop	Sebastianus	Athanasius, historia Arianorum 72 (PG 25:780)
Psenosiris View Case	from: 358 to: --	Egypt or Lybia [Egypt or Lybia]	Ammonia [Marsa Matruh]	unknown	bishop	Sebastianus Nilammon Plenius Melania the Elder Adelphius of Onouphis Paphnutius Pambo Ammonius Parotes	Athanasius, historia Arianorum 72 (PG 25:780); Athanasius, de fuga 7 (PG 25:653); Theodoret, historia ecclesiastica 2.14 (SC 501:394); Palladius, Historia Lausiaca 46.2
Reparatus of Carthage View Case	from: 552 to: 563	Carthago [Carthage]	Euchaita [Beyözü]	unknown	bishop	Primosus	Victor of Tunnuna, chronica 552, 563 (MGH auct. ant. 11:202, 205)
Rhodanius of Toulouse (PCBE 4, Rhodanius 1, 1610) View Case	from: 356 to: --	Tolosa [Toulouse]	Phrygia [Central Anatolia]	no	bishop	Liberius of Rome Hilarius of Poitiers	Sozomenus, historia ecclesiastica 4.9.3 (SC 418:220); Rufinus, historia ecclesiastica 10.20-21 (GCS 9.2:987-8); Hieronymus, Chronica, ann. 354 (Jeanjean-Lancon, 90); Prosper of Aquitaine, Chronica 1090 (ann. 354) (MGH auct. ant. 9:455); Sulpicius Severus, Chronica 2.39.4 and 2.45.4 (SC 441:314, 332); Faustinus et Marcellinus, libellus precum 24 (SC 504:130); Hilarius of Potiers, in Constantium 11 (SC 334:190)
Sagittarius of Gap View Case	from: 567 to: 567	Lutetia [Paris]	unknown monastery [n/a]	yes	bishop	Guntram clerk	Gregorius of Tours, historiae 5.20 (MGH SS rer. Merov. 1.1:227-9)
Salunius of Embrun View Case	from: 567 to: 567	Lutetia [Paris]	unknown monastery [n/a]	yes	bishop	clerk	Gregorius of Tours, historiae 5.20 (MGH SS rer. Merov. 1.1:227-9)
Sidocus (PLRE 3.2, Sidocus, 1145) View Case	from: 626 to: --	Elusa [Eauze]		unknown	bishop		Fredegar, Chronicon - The Fourth Book of the Chronicle of Fredegar: with its Continuations, ed. J.M. Wallace-Hadrill (London: 1960), 4.54
Silvanus View Case	from: 311 to: --			unknown	bishop		Augustinus, contra Crescontium 3.30.34 (CSEL 52:441) Optatus, Appendix 1.1
Stephanus View Case	from: 589 to: 603	Hispania [Spain]	Hispania [Spain]	unknown	bishop	Comitiolus Gregorius Magnus Iohannes (defensor)	Gregorius Magnus, epistula 13.46 (CCSL 140A:1052-5).
Theodorus of Cebarsussi View Case	from: 555 to: 565	Cebarsussi [unknown]	Alexandria [Alexandria]	unknown	bishop	Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Iustinianus	Victor of Tunnuna, chronica 555.2, 556.2, 565? (MGH auct. ant. 11:204-5)
Theodosius of Alexandria View Case	from: 536 to: 567	Alexandria [Alexandria]	Fortress Derkos [n/a]	no	bishop	Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Iustinianus Theodora (empress) Paulus of Alexandria Ioannes of Ephesus 300 of the clergy of Theodosius Z'ura Ioannes of Hephaistopolis Anthimus of Constantinople Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Iustinianus	Ioannes of Ephesus, Life of Z’ura (PO 17:35) Ioannes of Ephesus, Life of John of Hephaistopolis (PO 18:528-529) Ioannes of Ephesus, Vitae Sanctorum Orientalium 48, 50 (PO 18, 685, 688; PO 19:155) Historia patriarcharum Alexandrinorum 2.13 (PO 1:457) Victor of Tunnuna, chronica 540 (MGH AA 11:199) Liberatus, Breviarium 20, 23 (ACO 2.5:135, 138)
Uldida View Case	from: 589 to: --	Toletum [Toledo]		unknown	bishop	Reccared I	John of Biclaro, Chronicon, a.589, in Conquerors and Chroniclers of Early Medieval Spain, ed. Kenneth Baxter Wolf (Liverpool: 1990). For his identification with Toledo, see E.A. Thompson, The Goths in Spain (Oxford: 1969), p.103
Ursicinus of Rome View Case	from: 366 to: 367	Roma [Rome]		yes	bishop	followers of Ursicinus Flavius Valentinianus Vettius Agorius Praetextatus Damasus	collectio Avellana 1.11, 5 (CSEL 35.1:4, 48) https://archive.org/stream/epistulaeimperat01gnth#page/48/mode/2up Ammianus Marcellinus 27.3.12-13, 27.9.9 Sozomenus, historia ecclesiastica 2.23 (NPNF)
Verus (PCBE 4, Verus, 1939-1940) View Case	from: 498 to: --	Caesarodunum [Tours]		no	bishop	Alaricus II	Gregorius of Tours, historiae 10.31; Caesarius of Arles, Epistula ad Ruricium 7 (CSEL numbering), in Caesarius of Arles: Life, Testament, Letters, ed. William E. Klingshirn (Liverpool: 1994), p. 83; Sedatus of Nimes, Epistula ad Ruricium 4 (CSEL numbering), in Ruricius of Limoges and Friends: A Collection of Letters from Visigothic Gaul, ed. R. Mathisen (Liverpool: 1999)
Volusianus (PLRE 2, Volusianus 4, 1183; PCBE 4, Volusianus 1, 2001-2003) View Case	from: 496 to: --	Caesarodunum [Tours]	Tolosa [Toulouse]	no	bishop	Alaricus II	Gregorius of Tours, historiae 10.31; Ruricius of Limoges, epistula 2.65, in Ruricius of Limoges and Friends: A Collection of Letters from Visigothic Gaul, ed. R. Mathieson (Liverpool: 1999).

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