Athanasius (male) (from: --/--/296 to: 2/5/373) View Case
357 - 21/2/362 (from: --/--/357 to: 21/2/362)
Alexandria [Alexandria]
Aegyptus [Egypt]
yes
George of Cappadocia
Interactions
Interaction Date
24/2/357 (from: 24/2/357 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Alexandria [Alexandria]
Office
Bishop
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
conflict
Monks in Egypt
Interactions
Interaction Date
357 - 362 (from: --/--/357 to: --/--/362)
Interaction Location
Alexandria [Alexandria]
Office
Monk
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
ascetic
Relationship Quality
support
Constantius II
Interactions
Interaction Date
357 (from: --/--/357 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Alexandria [Alexandria]
Office
Emperor
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
conflict
Responsible for exile (or exile threat)
Correspondent
Person/group appealed to
Yes
Yes (receiver of letter)
Yes
Servatius of Tongern
Interactions
Interaction Date
c. 357 (from: --/--/357 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Office
Bishop
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
support
Person/group appealed to
Yes
Clementius
Interactions
Interaction Date
c. 357 (from: --/--/357 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Person/group appealed to
Yes
Valens
Interactions
Interaction Date
c. 357 (from: --/--/357 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Person/group appealed to
Yes
Flavius Felicissimus
Interactions
Interaction Date
c. 357 (from: --/--/357 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Person/group appealed to
Yes
Rufinus
Interactions
Interaction Date
c. 357 (from: --/--/357 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Person/group appealed to
Yes
Stephanus
Interactions
Interaction Date
c. 357 (from: --/--/357 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Person/group appealed to
Yes
Asterius
Interactions
Interaction Date
c. 357 (from: --/--/357 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Person/group appealed to
Yes
Palladius
Interactions
Interaction Date
c. 357 (from: --/--/357 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Person/group appealed to
Yes
Antiochus
Interactions
Interaction Date
c. 357 (from: --/--/357 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Person/group appealed to
Yes
Euagrius
Interactions
Interaction Date
c. 357 (from: --/--/357 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Person/group appealed to
Yes
Gerontius
Interactions
Interaction Date
19/2/362 (from: 19/2/362 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Office
praefectus Aegypti
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Responsible for return
Yes
praefectus Aegypti (19/2/362)
Pythiodorus
Interactions
Interaction Date
362 (from: --/--/362 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Alexandria [Alexandria]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
pagan
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Responsible for return
Yes
Eudaimonis
Interactions
Interaction Date
c. 357 (from: --/--/357 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Alexandria [Alexandria]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
ascetic
Relationship Quality
support
Gregorius of Nazianzus, oratio 21.20
Athanasius, apologia ad Constantium 29.3
Athanasius, historia Arianorum 53ff.
Ammianus Marcellinus 22.5.3
Historia Acephala 4.1-4
Palladius, historia Lausiaca 63
Festal Index 28, 30, 32 (SC 317: 257-61)
Sozomenus, historia ecclesiastica 5.6
Cyrillus of Jerusalem (male) c. 313 - 386 (from: --/--/313 to: --/--/386) View Case
357 - 359 (from: --/--/357 to: --/--/359)
Ierusalem [Jerusalem]
Tarsus [Tarsus]
yes
Acacius of Caesarea
Interactions
Interaction Date
357 (from: --/--/357 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Office
Bishop
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
conflict
Responsible for exile (or exile threat)
Yes
Interaction Date
359 (from: --/--/359 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Seleucia ad Calycadnum/Tracheia [Silifke]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
conflict
Other Interaction Type
Yes (joint attendant of council)
Silvanus of Tarsus
Interactions
Interaction Date
357 - 359 (from: --/--/357 to: --/--/359)
Interaction Location
Tarsus [Tarsus]
Office
Bishop
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
support?
Host
Other Interaction Type
Yes
Yes (joint attendant of council)
congregation of Tarsus
Interactions
Interaction Date
357 (from: --/--/357 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Tarsus [Tarsus]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Receiver of benefaction from exile
Yes (preaching, )
Basilius of Caesarea
Interactions
Interaction Date
359 (from: --/--/357 to: --/--/359)
Interaction Location
Seleucia ad Calycadnum/Tracheia [Silifke]
Office
Bishop
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
support
Other Interaction Type
Yes (joint attendant of council)
Eustathius of Sebaste
Interactions
Interaction Date
359 (from: --/--/357 to: --/--/359)
Interaction Location
Seleucia ad Calycadnum/Tracheia [Silifke]
Office
Bishop
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
support
Other Interaction Type
Yes (joint attendant of council)
Constantius II
Interactions
Interaction Date
359 (from: --/--/359 to: --/--/359)
Interaction Location
Office
Emperor
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Arian
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Correspondent
Person/group appealed to
Responsible for return
Yes (receiver of letter)
Yes
Yes
Theodoret, historia ecclesiastica 2.22
Socrates, historia ecclesiastica 2.40
Sozomenus, historia ecclesiastica 4.22
Michael Syrus 7.8 (Chabot 1:309)
Iohannes of Tella (male) 483 - 538 (from: --/--/483 to: --/--/538) View Case
521 - 538 (from: --/--/521 to: --/--/538)
Tella [Viranşehir]
no
Severus of Antioch
Interactions
Interaction Date
early 520ies (from: --/--/521 to: --/--/525)
Interaction Location
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
support
Other Interaction Type
Yes (instigator of letter)
Monophysite bishops
Interactions
Interaction Date
early 520ies (from: --/--/521 to: --/--/525)
Interaction Location
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
support
Other Interaction Type
Yes (joint writer of letter)
Monophysite monks
Interactions
Interaction Date
early 520ies (from: --/--/521 to: --/--/525)
Interaction Location
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
support
Correspondent
Yes (receiver of letter)
Ioannes of Ephesus
Interactions
Interaction Date
529 (from: --/--/529 to: --/--/525)
Interaction Location
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
support
Visitor
Hagiographer
Yes
Yes
'170,000' clerics
Interactions
Interaction Date
after 522 (from: --/--/522 to: --/--/538)
Interaction Location
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
support
Visitor
Receiver of benefaction from exile
Yes
Yes (other, ordination)
70 Amidene monks
Interactions
Interaction Date
529 (from: --/--/529 to: --/--/525)
Interaction Location
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
ascetic
Relationship Quality
support
Ephraim of Amida
Interactions
Interaction Date
538 (from: --/--/538 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Antiochia/Theoupolis [Antakya]
Office
Bishop
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
support
Other Interaction Type
Yes (responsible for execution)
Twelve bishops from the Antioch area
Interactions
Interaction Date
after 521 (from: --/--/521 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
unknown [unknown]
Office
Bishop
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
support
V.-L. Menze, “The Regula ad Diaconos: John of Tella, his Eucharistic Ecclesiology and the Establishment of an Ecclesiastical Hierarchy in Exile,” Oriens Christianus 90 (2006), 44-90
Severus, Select Letters 5.14 (Brooks, 1902-4, 389-94)
Ioannes of Ephesus, Vitae Sanctorum Orientalium 18 (PO 18:513-26)
Chronicle of Zuqnin, Third part, 517-518 (Harrak, 51)
Athanasius (male) (from: --/--/296 to: 2/5/373) View Case
24/10/362 - 26/6/363 (from: 24/10/362 to: 26/6/363)
Alexandria [Alexandria]
yes
Flavius Claudius Iulianus
Interactions
Interaction Date
24/10/362 (from: 24/10/362 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Office
Emperor
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
conflict
Responsible for exile (or exile threat)
Yes
Flavius Jovianus
Interactions
Interaction Date
363 (from: --/--/363 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Office
Emperor
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Responsible for moving exile to a different location
Responsible for return
Yes
Yes
Socrates, historia ecclesiastica 3.14
Martinus of Tours (male) 316/17 or 334/5? - 11/397 (from: --/--/316 to: --/11/397) View Case
c. 356 - 360 (from: --/--/356 to: --/--/360)
Mediolan(i)um [Milan]
yes
Auxentius of Milan
Interactions
Interaction Date
c. 356 (from: --/--/356 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Mediolan(i)um [Milan]
Office
Bishop
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
conflict
Responsible for exile (or exile threat)
Yes
presbyter of Martin
Interactions
Interaction Date
c. 356 - 360 (from: --/--/356 to: --/--/360)
Interaction Location
Gallinaria [Gallinara]
Office
presbyter
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
support
Hilarius of Poitiers
Interactions
Interaction Date
360 (from: --/--/360 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Roma [Rome]
Office
Bishop
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
support
Other Interaction Type
Yes (reason for return)
Sulpicius Severus, Vita Martini 6.4
Athanasius (male) (from: --/--/296 to: 2/5/373) View Case
18/3/339 - 21/10/346 (from: 18/3/339 to: 21/10/346)
Alexandria [Alexandria]
yes
Gregorius of Cappadocia
Interactions
Interaction Date
18/3/339 (from: 18/3/339 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Alexandria [Alexandria]
Office
Bishop
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
conflict
Constantius II
Interactions
Interaction Date
345-6 (from: --/--/346 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Office
Emperor
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support?
Correspondent
Responsible for return
Yes (writer of letter)
Yes
Flavius Iulius Constans
Interactions
Interaction Date
342 (from: --/--/342 to: --/--/342)
Interaction Location
Mediolan(i)um [Milan]
Office
Emperor
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Interaction Date
June 343 (from: --/6/343 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Col. Augusta Treverorum [Trier]
Office
Emperor
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Interaction Date
346 (from: --/--/346 to: --/--/346)
Interaction Location
Office
Emperor
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Responsible for return
Yes
Interaction Date
345 (from: --/--/345 to: --/--/345)
Interaction Location
Aquileia [Aquileia]
Office
Emperor
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
Emperor (342)
Emperor (June 343)
Emperor (346)
Emperor (345)
Fortunatianus of Aquileia
Interactions
Interaction Date
easter 345 (from: --/--/345 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Aquileia [Aquileia]
Office
Bishop
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
support
Person/group appealed to
Yes
Osius of Cordoba
Interactions
Interaction Date
easter 345 (from: --/--/345 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Aquileia [Aquileia]
Office
Bishop
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
support
Interaction Date
c. June 343 (from: --/6/343 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Col. Augusta Treverorum [Trier]
Office
Bishop
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
support
Bishop (easter 345)
Bishop (c. June 343)
Lucillus of Verona
Interactions
Interaction Date
easter 345 (from: --/--/345 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Aquileia [Aquileia]
Office
Bishop
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
support
Dionysius of Elis
Interactions
Interaction Date
easter 345 (from: --/--/345 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Aquileia [Aquileia]
Office
Bishop
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
support
Vicentius of Capua
Interactions
Interaction Date
easter 345 (from: --/--/345 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Aquileia [Aquileia]
Office
Bishop
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
support
Person/group appealed to
Yes
Flavius Eugenius
Interactions
Interaction Date
easter 345 (from: --/--/345 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Aquileia [Aquileia]
Office
magister officiorum
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Person/group appealed to
Yes
magister officiorum (easter 345)
Maximinus of Trier
Interactions
Interaction Date
c. June 363 (from: --/6/363 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Col. Augusta Treverorum [Trier]
Office
Bishop
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
support
Interaction Date
c. 357 (from: --/--/357 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
support
Person/group appealed to
Yes
Bishop (c. June 363)
(c. 357)
bishops in Egypt, Lybia and Alexandria
Interactions
Interaction Date
346 (from: --/--/346 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Office
Bishop
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Eutropia
Interactions
Interaction Date
c. 339 (from: --/--/339 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Roma [Rome]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Abutherius
Interactions
Interaction Date
c. 339 (from: --/--/339 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Roma [Rome]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Sperantius
Interactions
Interaction Date
c. 339 (from: --/--/339 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Roma [Rome]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Ammonius
Interactions
Interaction Date
343 (from: --/--/343 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Serdica [Sofia]
Office
Bishop
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
support
Responsible for return
Yes
Isidorus (presbyter)
Interactions
Interaction Date
c. 339 (from: --/--/339 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Roma [Rome]
Office
presbyter
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
ascetic
Relationship Quality
support
Asclepas of Gaza
Interactions
Interaction Date
344? (from: --/--/344 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Roma [Rome]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
support
Marcellus of Ancyra
Interactions
Interaction Date
344? (from: --/--/344 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Roma [Rome]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
support
Lucius of Adrianopolis
Interactions
Interaction Date
344? (from: --/--/344 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Roma [Rome]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
support
Iulius of Rome
Interactions
Interaction Date
344? (from: --/--/344 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Roma [Rome]
Office
Bishop of Rome
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
support
Person/group appealed to
Responsible for return
Yes
Yes
Marcella
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 339 and 343 (from: --/--/339 to: --/--/343)
Interaction Location
Roma [Rome]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
servant woman
Interactions
Interaction Date
c. 339 (from: --/--/339 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Other Interaction Type
Yes (betrayal to authorities)
Vitus
Interactions
Interaction Date
341 (from: --/--/341 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Roma [Rome]
Office
presbyter
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
support
Other Interaction Type
Yes (host of assembly)
Ammonius
Interactions
Interaction Date
(from: --/--/339 to: --/--/342)
Interaction Location
Roma [Rome]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Nicaean
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
ascetic
Relationship Quality
support
TRE, s.v. Athanasius
Athanasius, apologia ad Constantium
Athanasius, apologia secunda
Athanasius, indices epistularum festialium 17 (SC)
Socrates, Historia ecclesiastica, 4.23
Petrus of Alexandria (male) late fourth century, died 381 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/381) View Case
373 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/373)
Alexandria [Alexandria]
yes
Aelius Palladius
Interactions
Interaction Date
373 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Alexandria [Alexandria]
Office
praefectus Aegypti
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
conflict
Responsible for exile (or exile threat)
Yes
Flavius Valens
Interactions
Interaction Date
373 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Office
Emperor
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
conflict?, support?
Responsible for exile (or exile threat)
Responsible for return
Yes
Yes
Lucius of Alexandria
Interactions
Interaction Date
373 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Alexandria [Alexandria]
Office
Bishop
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Arian
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
conflict
Damasus
Interactions
Interaction Date
373 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Roma [Rome]
Office
Bishop of Rome
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
support
Marcella
Interactions
Interaction Date
373 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Roma [Rome]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Severus of Hermopolis, historia Patriarcharum Alexandrinorum 2.9 (translated by Evetts)
http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/severus_hermopolis_hist_alex_patr_02_part2.htm#PETER_II
Hieronymus, epistula 127.5;
Theodoret, historia ecclesiastica 4.21-22;
Sozomenus, historia ecclesiastica 6.19.6;
Gregorius of Nazianzus, oratio 25.12, 33.3, 43.46;