Eunomius of Cyzikus (male) mid fourth century, died c. 395 (from: --/--/335 to: --/--/395) View Case
370 - c. 378 (from: --/--/370 to: --/--/378)
Island of Naxos [Naxos]
yes
Domitius Modestus
Interactions
Interaction Date
370 (from: --/--/370 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Office
PPO Orientis
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Arian?
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
conflict
Responsible for exile (or exile threat)
Yes
Philostorgius, historia ecclesiastica 9.11
Macarius of Egypt (male) c. 300 - 391 (from: --/--/300 to: --/--/391) View Case
c. 373 - before 380 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/380)
Sketis [Wadi El Natrun]
Island in Nile Delta [Island in Nile Delta]
yes
Lucius of Alexandria
Interactions
Interaction Date
c. 373 - before 380 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/380)
Interaction Location
Alexandria [Alexandria]
Office
Bishop
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Arian
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
conflict
Responsible for exile (or exile threat)
Responsible for return
Yes
Yes
Bishop (c. 373 - before 380)
daughter of pagan priest in Egyptian island
Interactions
Interaction Date
c. 373 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/373)
Interaction Location
Island in Nile Delta [Island in Nile Delta]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
pagan
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
Relationship Quality
conflict, support?
Receiver of benefaction from exile
Yes (exorcism, )
Pagan priest in Egyptian island
Interactions
Interaction Date
c. 373 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/373)
Interaction Location
Island in Nile Delta [Island in Nile Delta]
Office
presbyter
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
pagan
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
unknown
Relationship Quality
conflict, support?
Receiver of benefaction from exile
Yes (conversion, )
Pagans in Egyptian island
Interactions
Interaction Date
c. 373 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/373)
Interaction Location
Island in Nile Delta [Island in Nile Delta]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
pagan
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
unknown
Relationship Quality
support, conflict
Receiver of benefaction from exile
Yes (conversion, )
Macarius of Alexandria
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 373 and 380 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/380)
Interaction Location
Island in Nile Delta [Island in Nile Delta]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
ascetic
Relationship Quality
support
Isidorus
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 373 and 380 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/380)
Interaction Location
Island in Nile Delta [Island in Nile Delta]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Pambo
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 373 and 380 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/380)
Interaction Location
Island in Nile Delta [Island in Nile Delta]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Heraclides
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 373 and 380 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/380)
Interaction Location
Island in Nile Delta [Island in Nile Delta]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
other disciples of Antony
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 373 and 380 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/380)
Interaction Location
Island in Nile Delta [Island in Nile Delta]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Soldiers
Interactions
Interaction Date
(from: --/--/373 to: --/--/373)
Interaction Location
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
conflict
Military Commander
Interactions
Interaction Date
(from: --/--/373 to: --/--/373)
Interaction Location
Office
Strategos
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
conflict
Responsible for exile (or exile threat)
Yes
Socrates, historia ecclesiastica 4.24 (SC 505:100-104)
Sozomenus, historia ecclesiastica 6.20 (SC 495:334-340)
Michael Syrus 7.7 (Chabot 1:305)
Macarius of Alexandria (male) c. 300 - 395 (from: --/--/300 to: --/--/395) View Case
c. 373 - before 380 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/380)
Sketis [Wadi El Natrun]
Island in Nile Delta [Island in Nile Delta]
yes
Lucius of Alexandria
Interactions
Interaction Date
c. 373 - before 380 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/380)
Interaction Location
Alexandria [Alexandria]
Office
Bishop
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Arian
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
conflict
Responsible for exile (or exile threat)
Responsible for return
Yes
Yes
Bishop (c. 373 - before 380)
daughter of pagan priest in Egyptian island
Interactions
Interaction Date
c. 373 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/373)
Interaction Location
Island in Nile Delta [Island in Nile Delta]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
pagan
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
conflict, support?
Receiver of benefaction from exile
Yes (exorcism, )
Pagan priest in Egyptian island
Interactions
Interaction Date
c. 373 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/373)
Interaction Location
Island in Nile Delta [Island in Nile Delta]
Office
presbyter
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
pagan
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
unknown
Relationship Quality
support, conflict
Receiver of benefaction from exile
Yes (conversion, )
Pagans in Egyptian island
Interactions
Interaction Date
c. 373 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/373)
Interaction Location
Island in Nile Delta [Island in Nile Delta]
Office
presbyter
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
pagan
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
unknown
Relationship Quality
support, conflict
Receiver of benefaction from exile
Yes (conversion, )
Isidorus
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 373 and 380 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/380)
Interaction Location
Island in Nile Delta [Island in Nile Delta]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Pambo
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 373 and 380 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/380)
Interaction Location
Island in Nile Delta [Island in Nile Delta]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Pambo
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 373 and 380 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/380)
Interaction Location
Island in Nile Delta [Island in Nile Delta]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
ascetic
Relationship Quality
support
Companion
Giver of benefaction to exile
Yes
Yes (food, )
Heraclides
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 373 and 380 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/380)
Interaction Location
Island in Nile Delta [Island in Nile Delta]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
other disciples of Antony
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 373 and 380 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/380)
Interaction Location
Island in Nile Delta [Island in Nile Delta]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
ascetic
Relationship Quality
support
Companion
Giver of benefaction to exile
Yes
Yes (food, )
Soldiers
Interactions
Interaction Date
(from: --/--/373 to: --/--/373)
Interaction Location
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
conflict
Military Commander
Interactions
Interaction Date
(from: --/--/373 to: --/--/373)
Interaction Location
Office
Strategos
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
conflict
Responsible for exile (or exile threat)
Yes
Socrates, historia ecclesiastica 4.24 (SC 505:100-104)
Sozomenus, historia ecclesiastica 6.20 (SC 495:334-340)
Michael Syrus 7.7 (Chabot 1:305)
Isidorus (male) late fourth century (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/373) View Case
c. 373 - before 380 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/380)
Sketis [Wadi El Natrun]
Island in Nile Delta [Island in Nile Delta]
yes
Lucius of Alexandria
Interactions
Interaction Date
c. 373 - before 380 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/380)
Interaction Location
Alexandria [Alexandria]
Office
Bishop
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Arian
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
conflict
Responsible for exile (or exile threat)
Responsible for return
Yes
Yes
Bishop (c. 373 - before 380)
Lucius of Alexandria
Interactions
Interaction Date
c. 373 -before 380 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/380)
Interaction Location
Alexandria [Alexandria]
Office
Bishop
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Arian
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
conflict
Responsible for exile (or exile threat)
Responsible for return
Yes
Yes
Bishop (c. 373 -before 380)
daughter of pagan priest in Egyptian island
Interactions
Interaction Date
c. 373 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/373)
Interaction Location
Island in Nile Delta [Island in Nile Delta]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
pagan
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
conflict, support?
Receiver of benefaction from exile
Yes (exorcism, )
Pagan priest in Egyptian island
Interactions
Interaction Date
c. 373 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/373)
Interaction Location
Island in Nile Delta [Island in Nile Delta]
Office
presbyter
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
pagan
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
unknown
Relationship Quality
support, conflict
Receiver of benefaction from exile
Yes (conversion, )
Pagans in Egyptian island
Interactions
Interaction Date
c. 373 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/373)
Interaction Location
Island in Nile Delta [Island in Nile Delta]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
pagan
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
unknown
Relationship Quality
support, conflict
Receiver of benefaction from exile
Yes (conversion, )
Melania the Elder
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 373 and 380 (from: --/--/-- to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Sepphoris/Diocaesarea [n/a]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Giver of benefaction to exile
Yes (food, )
Pambo
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 373 and 380 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/380)
Interaction Location
Island in Nile Delta [Island in Nile Delta]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Heraclides
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 373 and 380 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/380)
Interaction Location
Island in Nile Delta [Island in Nile Delta]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Companion
Giver of benefaction to exile
Yes
Yes (food, )
other disciples of Antony
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 373 and 380 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/380)
Interaction Location
Island in Nile Delta [Island in Nile Delta]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Psenosiris
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 373 and 380 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/380)
Interaction Location
Sepphoris/Diocaesarea [n/a]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
ascetic
Relationship Quality
support
Adelphius of Onouphis
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 373 and 380 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/380)
Interaction Location
Sepphoris/Diocaesarea [n/a]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
ascetic
Relationship Quality
support
Paphnutius
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 373 and 380 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/380)
Interaction Location
Sepphoris/Diocaesarea [n/a]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
ascetic
Relationship Quality
support
Pambo
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 373 and 380 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/380)
Interaction Location
Sepphoris/Diocaesarea [n/a]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
ascetic
Relationship Quality
support
Ammonius Parotes
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 373 and 380 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/380)
Interaction Location
Sepphoris/Diocaesarea [n/a]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
ascetic
Relationship Quality
support
11 bishops of Egypt
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 373 and 380 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/380)
Interaction Location
Sepphoris/Diocaesarea [n/a]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
ascetic
Relationship Quality
support
11 bishops of Egypt
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 373 and 380 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/380)
Interaction Location
Sepphoris/Diocaesarea [n/a]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
ascetic
Relationship Quality
support
Socrates, historia ecclesiastica 4.24 (SC 505:100-104)
Sozomenus, historia ecclesiastica 6.20 (SC 495:334-340)
Pambo (male) late fourth century (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/373) View Case
c. 373 - before 380 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/380)
Sketis [Wadi El Natrun]
Island in Nile Delta [Island in Nile Delta]
yes
Lucius of Alexandria
Interactions
Interaction Date
c. 373 - before 380 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/380)
Interaction Location
Alexandria [Alexandria]
Office
Bishop
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Arian
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
conflict
Responsible for exile (or exile threat)
Responsible for return
Yes
Yes
Bishop (c. 373 - before 380)
daughter of pagan priest in Egyptian island
Interactions
Interaction Date
c. 373 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/373)
Interaction Location
Alexandria [Alexandria]
Office
Bishop
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
pagan
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
Relationship Quality
support, conflict?
Receiver of benefaction from exile
Yes (exorcism, )
Pagan priest in Egyptian island
Interactions
Interaction Date
c. 373 (from: --/--/-- to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Island in Nile Delta [Island in Nile Delta]
Office
presbyter
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
pagan
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
unknown
Relationship Quality
support, conflict
Receiver of benefaction from exile
Yes (conversion, )
Pagans in Egyptian island
Interactions
Interaction Date
c. 373 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/373)
Interaction Location
Island in Nile Delta [Island in Nile Delta]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
pagan
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
unknown
Relationship Quality
support, conflict
Receiver of benefaction from exile
Yes (conversion, )
Melania the Elder
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 373 and 380 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/380)
Interaction Location
Sepphoris/Diocaesarea [n/a]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Giver of benefaction to exile
Yes (food, )
Heraclides
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 373 and 380 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/380)
Interaction Location
Island in Nile Delta [Island in Nile Delta]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
ascetic
Relationship Quality
support
other disciples of Antony
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 373 and 380 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/380)
Interaction Location
Island in Nile Delta [Island in Nile Delta]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
ascetic
Relationship Quality
support
Ammonius Parotes
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 373 and 380 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/380)
Interaction Location
Sepphoris/Diocaesarea [n/a]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
ascetic
Relationship Quality
support
11 bishops of Egypt
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 373 and 380 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/380)
Interaction Location
Sepphoris/Diocaesarea [n/a]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
ascetic
Relationship Quality
support
Socrates, historia ecclesiastica 4.24 (SC 505:100-104)
Sozomenus, historia ecclesiastica 6.20 (SC 495:334-340)
Palladius, Historia Lausiaca 46.2
Heraclides (male) late fourth century (from: --/--/356 to: --/--/373) View Case
c. 373 - before 380 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/380)
Sketis [Wadi El Natrun]
Island in Nile Delta [Island in Nile Delta]
yes
Lucius of Alexandria
Interactions
Interaction Date
c. 373 - before 380 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/380)
Interaction Location
Alexandria [Alexandria]
Office
Bishop
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Arian
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
conflict
Responsible for exile (or exile threat)
Responsible for return
Yes
Yes
Bishop (c. 373 - before 380)
daughter of pagan priest in Egyptian island
Interactions
Interaction Date
c. 373 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/373)
Interaction Location
Island in Nile Delta [Island in Nile Delta]
Office
Bishop
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
pagan
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
Relationship Quality
support, conflict?
Receiver of benefaction from exile
Yes (exorcism, )
Pagan priest in Egyptian island
Interactions
Interaction Date
c. 373 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/373)
Interaction Location
Island in Nile Delta [Island in Nile Delta]
Office
presbyter
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
pagan
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
unknown
Relationship Quality
support, conflict
Receiver of benefaction from exile
Yes (conversion, )
Pagans in Egyptian island
Interactions
Interaction Date
c. 373 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/373)
Interaction Location
Island in Nile Delta [Island in Nile Delta]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
pagan
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
unknown
Relationship Quality
support, conflict
Receiver of benefaction from exile
Yes (conversion, )
other disciples of Antony
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 373 and 380 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/380)
Interaction Location
Island in Nile Delta [Island in Nile Delta]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
ascetic
Relationship Quality
support
Socrates, historia ecclesiastica 4.24 (SC 505:100-104)
Sozomenus, historia ecclesiastica 6.20 (SC 495:334-340)
other disciples of Antony (male) late fourth century (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/373) View Case
c. 373 - before 380 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/380)
Sketis [Wadi El Natrun]
Island in Nile Delta [Island in Nile Delta]
yes
Lucius of Alexandria
Interactions
Interaction Date
c. 373 - before 380 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/380)
Interaction Location
Alexandria [Alexandria]
Office
Bishop
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Arian
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
conflict
Responsible for exile (or exile threat)
Responsible for return
Yes
Yes
Bishop (c. 373 - before 380)
daughter of pagan priest in Egyptian island
Interactions
Interaction Date
c. 373 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/373)
Interaction Location
Island in Nile Delta [Island in Nile Delta]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
pagan
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
Relationship Quality
conflict, support?
Receiver of benefaction from exile
Yes (exorcism, )
Pagan priest in Egyptian island
Interactions
Interaction Date
c. 373 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/373)
Interaction Location
Island in Nile Delta [Island in Nile Delta]
Office
presbyter
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
pagan
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
unknown
Relationship Quality
support, conflict
Receiver of benefaction from exile
Yes (conversion, )
Pagans in Egyptian island
Interactions
Interaction Date
c. 373 (from: --/--/373 to: --/--/373)
Interaction Location
Island in Nile Delta [Island in Nile Delta]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
pagan
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
unknown
Relationship Quality
support, conflict
Receiver of benefaction from exile
Yes (conversion, )
Socrates, ecclesiastical history 4.24 (SC 505:100-104)
Sozomenus, ecclesiastical history 6.20 (SC 495:334-340)
Tiberianus (male) late fourth century (from: --/--/385 to: --/--/385) View Case
385 - ? (from: --/--/385 to: --/--/--)
Spain or Gaul [Spain or Gaul]
Island of Sylinancis [Isles of Scilly]
yes
Magnus Maximus
Interactions
Interaction Date
385 (from: --/--/385 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Office
Emperor
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
conflict
Responsible for exile (or exile threat)
Yes
Instantius
Interactions
Interaction Date
385 - ? (from: --/--/385 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Island of Sylinancis [Isles of Scilly]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
unknown
Relationship Quality
support?
Sulpicius Severus, chronica 2.51.2 (SC 441:344)
Hieronymus, de viris illustribus 123
Heracleides of Ephesus (male) early fifth century (from: --/--/404 to: --/--/404) View Case
after 404 (from: --/--/404 to: --/--/408)
Ephesus [Selçuk]
Nicomedia [Ä°zmit]
yes
Flavius Arcadius
Interactions
Interaction Date
after 404 (from: --/--/404 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Office
Emperor
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
conflict
Responsible for exile (or exile threat)
Yes
Palladius, Vita Joannis Chrysostomi 20 (SC 341:396-402)
Flavius Ioannes ('the Cappadocian') (male) mid sixth century (from: --/--/520 to: --/--/548) View Case
c. 541 - 548 (from: --/--/541 to: --/--/548)
Cyzikus [Erdek/Bandirma]
Antinoopolis [El Sheikh Ibada]
yes
Theodora (empress)
Interactions
Interaction Date
c. 541 (from: --/--/541 to: --/--/541)
Interaction Location
Office
Empress
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
conflict
Responsible for exile (or exile threat)
Yes
Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Iustinianus
Interactions
Interaction Date
548 (from: --/--/548 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Office
Emperor
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support?
Responsible for return
Yes
Procopius, bellum Persarum 1.25.39-43, 2.30.49-50;
Malalas, chronica 480, fr. 47;
Procopius, anecdota 17.40-44, 21.5;
Marcellinus Comes, additamenta ad chronicon a. 544
Andreas (male) late sixth century (from: --/--/571 to: --/--/571) View Case
after 571 - before 577 (from: --/--/571 to: --/--/577)
City wall of Constantinople [Theodosian wall]
Monastery of Acoemetae [n/a]
yes
Ioannes of Constantinople (sixth c.)
Interactions
Interaction Date
after 571 (from: --/--/571 to: --/--/577)
Interaction Location
Constantinopolis [Istanbul]
Office
Bishop
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
conflict
Responsible for exile (or exile threat)
Yes
Iustinus II
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 571 and 577 (from: --/--/571 to: --/--/577)
Interaction Location
Office
Emperor
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
conflict
Responsible for exile (or exile threat)
Yes
Emperor (between 571 and 577)
Band of clergy and Romans
Interactions
Interaction Date
after 571 (from: --/--/571 to: --/--/577)
Interaction Location
Constantinopolis [Istanbul]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
conflict
Crowd in Constantinople
Interactions
Interaction Date
after 571 (from: --/--/571 to: --/--/577)
Interaction Location
Constantinopolis [Istanbul]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
unknown
Relationship Quality
support
Other Interaction Type
Yes (rescue from arrest)
Ioannes of Ephesus, historia ecclesiastica 2.14
Andreas (cubicularius) (male) late sixth century (from: --/--/571 to: --/--/571) View Case
after 571 - before 577 (from: --/--/571 to: --/--/577)
Imperial palace of Constantinople [Palace of Constantinople]
Monastery in the palace of Hormisdas [Boukoleon Palace]
yes
Iustinus II
Interactions
Interaction Date
after 571 (from: --/--/571 to: --/--/577)
Interaction Location
Constantinopolis [Istanbul]
Office
Emperor
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
conflict
Responsible for exile (or exile threat)
Responsible for moving exile to a different location
Yes
Yes
Aelia Sophia
Interactions
Interaction Date
after 571 (from: --/--/571 to: --/--/577)
Interaction Location
Constantinopolis [Istanbul]
Office
Empress
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Chalcedonian
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
unknown
Relationship Quality
conflict
Responsible for moving exile to a different location
Yes
curator in Constantinople
Interactions
Interaction Date
after 571 (from: --/--/571 to: --/--/577)
Interaction Location
Constantinopolis [Istanbul]
Office
curator
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
conflict?, support?
Other Interaction Type
Yes (threat of execution)
Crowd in Constantinople
Interactions
Interaction Date
after 571 (from: --/--/571 to: --/--/577)
Interaction Location
Constantinopolis [Istanbul]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
unknown
Relationship Quality
conflict?, support?
Other Interaction Type
Yes (spectators of delivery to new exile place)
monks in Constantinople
Interactions
Interaction Date
after 571 (from: --/--/571 to: --/--/577)
Interaction Location
Constantinopolis [Istanbul]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
ascetic
Relationship Quality
conflict?, support?
Probinus
Interactions
Interaction Date
after 571 (from: --/--/571 to: --/--/577)
Interaction Location
Monastery of Dalmatius [n/a]
Office
Slave of Andreas
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
unknown
Relationship Quality
support
Slave of Andreas (after 571)
Ioannes of Ephesus, historia ecclesiastica 2.9 and 38
Michael Syrus 10.7
Eutychius of Constantinople (male) c. 512 - 5/4/582 (from: --/--/512 to: 5/4/582) View Case
565 - 577 (from: --/--/565 to: --/--/577)
Constantinopolis [Istanbul]
Monastery of Choracudis [n/a]
yes
Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Iustinianus
Interactions
Interaction Date
565 (from: --/--/565 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Constantinopolis [Istanbul]
Office
Emperor
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
conflict
Responsible for exile (or exile threat)
Yes
Ioannes of Constantinople (sixth c.)
Interactions
Interaction Date
565 (from: --/--/565 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Antiochia/Theoupolis [Antakya]
Office
presbyter
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
conflict
Iustinus II
Interactions
Interaction Date
577 (from: --/--/577 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Constantinopolis [Istanbul]
Office
Emperor
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Responsible for return
Yes
Tiberius Constantinus
Interactions
Interaction Date
577 (from: --/--/577 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Constantinopolis [Istanbul]
Office
Emperor
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Responsible for return
Yes
Crowd in Constantinople
Interactions
Interaction Date
577 (from: --/--/577 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Constantinopolis [Istanbul]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
unknown
Relationship Quality
support
Responsible for return
Yes
Married couple in Amasea
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 565 and 577 (from: --/--/565 to: --/--/577)
Interaction Location
Amaseia [Amasya]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Receiver of benefaction from exile
Yes (other, miracle healing)
Petrus (child in Amasea)
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 565 and 577 (from: --/--/565 to: --/--/575)
Interaction Location
Amaseia [Amasya]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Receiver of benefaction from exile
Yes
presbyter in Amasea
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 565 and 577 (from: --/--/565 to: --/--/577)
Interaction Location
Amaseia [Amasya]
Office
presbyter
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
support
Receiver of benefaction from exile
Yes (other, miracle healing)
presbyter (between 565 and 577)
Nouneches (son of presbyter in Amasea)
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 565 and 577 (from: --/--/565 to: --/--/577)
Interaction Location
Amaseia [Amasya]
Office
presbyter
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Receiver of benefaction from exile
Yes (other, miracle healing)
presbyter (between 565 and 577)
Cyrillus (cleric in Amasea)
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 565 and 577 (from: --/--/565 to: --/--/577)
Interaction Location
Amaseia [Amasya]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
support
Receiver of benefaction from exile
Yes (other, miracle healing)
son of Cyrillus
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 565 and 577 (from: --/--/565 to: --/--/577)
Interaction Location
Amaseia [Amasya]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Receiver of benefaction from exile
Yes (other, miracle healing)
boy in Amasea
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 565 and 577 (from: --/--/565 to: --/--/577)
Interaction Location
Amaseia [Amasya]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Receiver of benefaction from exile
Yes (other, miracle healing)
Son of artisan in Amasea
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 565 and 577 (from: --/--/565 to: --/--/577)
Interaction Location
Amaseia [Amasya]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Receiver of benefaction from exile
Yes (other, miracle healing)
Artisan in Amasea
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 565 and 577 (from: --/--/565 to: --/--/577)
Interaction Location
Amaseia [Amasya]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Receiver of benefaction from exile
Yes (other, miracle healing)
Peasant woman in Amasea
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 565 and 577 (from: --/--/565 to: --/--/577)
Interaction Location
Amaseia [Amasya]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
support
Receiver of benefaction from exile
Yes (other, miracle healing)
Son of peasant woman in Amasea
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 565 and 577 (from: --/--/565 to: --/--/577)
Interaction Location
Amaseia [Amasya]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Receiver of benefaction from exile
Yes (exorcism, )
Nun in Amasea
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 565 and 577 (from: --/--/565 to: --/--/577)
Interaction Location
Amaseia [Amasya]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
ascetic
Relationship Quality
support
Receiver of benefaction from exile
Yes (other, power to work miracle)
Young musician in Amasea
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 565 and 577 (from: --/--/565 to: --/--/577)
Interaction Location
Amaseia [Amasya]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Receiver of benefaction from exile
Yes (exorcism, )
Son of builder in Amasea
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 565 and 577 (from: --/--/565 to: --/--/577)
Interaction Location
Amaseia [Amasya]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Receiver of benefaction from exile
Yes (exorcism, )
Builder in Amasea
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 565 and 577 (from: --/--/565 to: --/--/577)
Interaction Location
Amaseia [Amasya]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Receiver of benefaction from exile
Yes (exorcism, )
Young man in Amasea
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 565 and 577 (from: --/--/565 to: --/--/577)
Interaction Location
Amaseia [Amasya]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Receiver of benefaction from exile
Yes (exorcism, )
Possessed man in Amasea
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 565 and 577 (from: --/--/565 to: --/--/577)
Interaction Location
Amaseia [Amasya]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Receiver of benefaction from exile
Yes (exorcism, )
Crowd in Amasea
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 565 and 577 (from: --/--/565 to: --/--/577)
Interaction Location
Amaseia [Amasya]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Receiver of benefaction from exile
Yes (preaching, other, miracle healing)
Ill man in Amasea
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 565 and 577 (from: --/--/565 to: --/--/577)
Interaction Location
Amaseia [Amasya]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Receiver of benefaction from exile
Yes (other, miracle healing)
Ill man from Cumanus
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 565 and 577 (from: --/--/565 to: --/--/577)
Interaction Location
Amaseia [Amasya]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Visitor
Receiver of benefaction from exile
Yes
Yes (other, miracle healing)
Sight impaired man in Amasea
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 565 and 577 (from: --/--/565 to: --/--/577)
Interaction Location
Amaseia [Amasya]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Receiver of benefaction from exile
Yes (other, miracle healing)
Nun im Amasea with boy
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 565 and 577 (from: --/--/565 to: --/--/577)
Interaction Location
Amaseia [Amasya]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
ascetic
Relationship Quality
support
Receiver of benefaction from exile
Yes (other, miracle healing)
Monks in Amasea
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 565 and 577 (from: --/--/565 to: --/--/577)
Interaction Location
Amaseia [Amasya]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
ascetic
Relationship Quality
support
Receiver of benefaction from exile
Yes (food, )
Quaestors, procurators and military commanders from Pontus
Interactions
Interaction Date
between 565 and 577 (from: --/--/565 to: --/--/577)
Interaction Location
Amaseia [Amasya]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Receiver of benefaction from exile
Yes (preaching, )
Imperial messengers
Interactions
Interaction Date
577 (from: --/--/577 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Amaseia [Amasya]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Archbishop of Amasea
Interactions
Interaction Date
577 (from: --/--/577 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Constantinopolis [Istanbul]
Office
Bishop
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
support
Other Interaction Type
Yes (Escort)
Woman in Euchaita
Interactions
Interaction Date
577 (from: --/--/577 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Euchaita [Beyözü]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Receiver of benefaction from exile
Yes (other, miracle healing)
Son of woman in Euchaita
Interactions
Interaction Date
577 (from: --/--/577 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Euchaita [Beyözü]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Receiver of benefaction from exile
Yes (other, miracle healing)
Crowd in Nicomedia
Interactions
Interaction Date
577 (from: --/--/577 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Nicomedia [Ä°zmit]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Receiver of benefaction from exile
Yes (preaching, )
military guard
Interactions
Interaction Date
c. 565 (from: --/--/565 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Principus, island in the Sea of Marmara [n/a]
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
conflict
Vita S Eutychii Patriarchae 38-71 (PG 86:2317-56)
Theophanes, AM 6057 (de Boor 240)
Victor of Tunnuna, chronica 566 (MGH 11:205)
Ibas of Edessa (male) mid fifth century, died 28/10/457 (from: --/--/431 to: 28/10/457) View Case
449 - 451 (from: --/--/449 to: --/--/451)
Edessa [Şanlıurfa]
20 different prisons, including one in Antioch [n/a]
yes
Flavius Thomas Iulianus Chaereas
Interactions
Interaction Date
449 (from: --/--/449 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Office
comes ordinis primi et praeses Osrhoenae
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
conflict
Responsible for exile (or exile threat)
Yes
comes ordinis primi et praeses Osrhoenae (449)
Chrysaphius
Interactions
Interaction Date
449 (from: --/--/449 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
conflict
Responsible for exile (or exile threat)
Yes
Eutyches
Interactions
Interaction Date
449 (from: --/--/449 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
conflict
Responsible for exile (or exile threat)
Yes
Nonnus of Edessa
Interactions
Interaction Date
449 (from: --/--/449 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Edessa [Şanlıurfa]
Office
Bishop
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support?
ACO 2.1:376, 2.5:117;
Sacrosancta Concilia (Labbe) 4:634, 891, 917;
Chronica Edessena LXVIII;
Barhadbessaba Arbaia (Nau, PO 9, Fasc. 5);
Acta Synodis Ephesinae IIB (Akten der ephesinischen Synode vom Jahre 449) , ed. J. Flemming, Berlin 1917, p. 21-69
Petrus Fullo (male) late fifth century, died 488 (from: --/--/463 to: --/--/488) View Case
476 - 485 (from: --/--/476 to: --/--/485)
Antiochia/Theoupolis [Antakya]
Pityous [Pitsunda]
yes
Flavius Zenon
Interactions
Interaction Date
476 (from: --/--/476 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Office
Emperor
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
conflict
Responsible for exile (or exile threat)
Yes
Stephanus of Antioch
Interactions
Interaction Date
476 (from: --/--/476 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Antiochia/Theoupolis [Antakya]
Office
Bishop
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
conflict
Guards
Interactions
Interaction Date
476 (from: --/--/476 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Office
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
conflict
Malalas, chronica 15.6 (Dindorf 380-1);
Joannes of Nikiu, chronica 88.43;
Theophanes, AM 5969 (de Boor 125);
Chronicle of Zuqnin, Third part, 488-489 (Harrak, 37)
Martinus of Tours (male) 316/17 or 334/5? - 11/397 (from: --/--/316 to: --/11/397) View Case
c. 356 - 360 (from: --/--/356 to: --/--/360)
Mediolan(i)um [Milan]
yes
Auxentius of Milan
Interactions
Interaction Date
c. 356 (from: --/--/356 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Mediolan(i)um [Milan]
Office
Bishop
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
conflict
Responsible for exile (or exile threat)
Yes
presbyter of Martin
Interactions
Interaction Date
c. 356 - 360 (from: --/--/356 to: --/--/360)
Interaction Location
Gallinaria [Gallinara]
Office
presbyter
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
support
Hilarius of Poitiers
Interactions
Interaction Date
360 (from: --/--/360 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Roma [Rome]
Office
Bishop
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
support
Other Interaction Type
Yes (reason for return)
Sulpicius Severus, Vita Martini 6.4
Bonifatius of Rome (male) early fifth century, died c. 422 (from: --/--/406 to: --/--/422) View Case
3/1/419 - 10/4/419 (from: 3/1/419 to: 10/4/419)
Roma [Rome]
yes
Flavius Honorius
Interactions
Interaction Date
3/1/419 - 10/4/419 (from: 3/1/419 to: 10/4/419)
Interaction Location
Office
Emperor
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support, conflict
Responsible for exile (or exile threat)
Responsible for return
Yes
Yes
Emperor (3/1/419 - 10/4/419)
Eulalius
Interactions
Interaction Date
3/1/419-10/4/419 (from: 3/1/419 to: 10/4/419)
Interaction Location
Roma [Rome]
Office
Bishop of Rome
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
conflict
Other Interaction Type
Yes (Rival bishop)
Interaction Date
8/2/419 (from: 8/2/419 to: 8/2/419)
Interaction Location
Ravenna [Ravenna]
Office
Bishop of Rome
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
cleric
Relationship Quality
conflict
Other Interaction Type
Yes (Joint attendant of synod)
Bishop of Rome (3/1/419-10/4/419)
Bishop of Rome (8/2/419)
collectio Avellana 16, 18 (CSEL 35.1:61-5) https://archive.org/stream/epistulaeimperat01gnth#page/60/mode/2up
Liber Pontificalis 44 (Duchesne I:89-92) https://archive.org/stream/bookofpopesliber00loom#page/88/mode/2up
'Fathers' (male) mid sixth century (from: --/--/553 to: --/--/565) View Case
553 - 565 (from: --/--/553 to: --/--/565)
yes
Iustinus II
Interactions
Interaction Date
565 (from: --/--/565 to: --/--/--)
Interaction Location
Office
Emperor
Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile)
lay
Relationship Quality
support
Responsible for return
Yes
Venantius Fortunatus, Appendix 2, 39-42 (J. George, Translated Texts for Historians, 113)