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Exile Case

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Person/Group Hilarius of Poitiers (PCBE 4, Hilarius 1, 989-97) ( view the social network for this person / group )
Exile Date 356-360 (from: --/--/356 to: --/--/360)
Sources Hilarius of Poitiers, liber contra Auxentium 7 (PL 10:614); Hilarius of Poitiers, ad Constantium 2.1-2 (CSEL 65:197-8); Hilarius of Poitiers, in Constantium 2 and 12-15 (SC 334:170 and 192-8); Hilarius of Poitiers, de synodis 1-2, 8 and 63 (PL 10:479-81, 485 and 522-3); Hilarius of Poitiers, de trinitate 1-3, 4.1 and 10.4 (SC 443:202-386, SC 448:12 and SC 462:178); Hilarius of Poitiers, Fragmentum historiarum A.5-9, B.3.2, B.7.1-2, B.7.5-11 and B.8.1-2 (CSEL 65:78-97, 155-6, 164-73 and 174-7); Venantius Fortunatus, vita s. Hilarii 6 (MGH auct. ant. 4.2:3); Hieronymus, chronica, ann. 356 (Jeanjean-Lancon, 92); Hieronymus, de viris illustribus 100 (Ceresa-Gastaldo, 204); Hieronymus, altercatio Luciferiani et orthodoxi 19 (CCSL 79B:48-9); Faustinus et Marcellinus, libellus precum 24 (SC 504:130); Prosper of Aquitaine, chronica 1096 (ann. 356) (MGH auct. ant. 9:455); Sozomenus, historia ecclesiastica 3.14.41, 4.12.6 and 4.22 (SC 418:138, 242 and 300-312); Sulpicius Severus, chronica 2.42 and 2.45.2-3 (SC 441:322 and 330); Sulpicius Severus, vita Martini 6.7 and 7.1 (SC 133:266); Socrates, historia ecclesiastica 2.39-40 (SC 493:200-216); Epistula ab episcopis Gallicanis ad orientales episcopos 1-4 (CCSL 148:33-4);

Locations view exile locations

Location of exile's previous office Limonum/Pictavi [Poitiers]
Location exiled from Limonum/Pictavi [Poitiers]
Location exiled to Phrygia [Central Anatolia]
Location(s) arrived at Phrygia [Central Anatolia]
Date of arrival perhaps September of 356 (from: --/--/356 to: --/9/356)
Relationship to location alien place
Type of location region
Reason for leaving attend council
   
Location(s) arrived at Seleucia ad Calycadnum/Tracheia [Silifke]
Date of arrival September 359 (from: --/9/359 to: --/--/--)
Relationship to location alien place
Type of location city
Reason for leaving n/a
   
Location(s) arrived at Constantinopolis [Istanbul]
Date of arrival 359/60 (from: --/9/357 to: --/--/360)
Relationship to location alien place
Type of location city
Reason for leaving moved by authorities
   
Location(s) arrived at Gallia [France]
Date of arrival 360 (from: --/--/360 to: --/--/--)
Relationship to location home country
Type of location region
Reason for leaving n/a
   
Location(s) arrived at Lutetia [Paris]
Date of arrival 360 (from: --/--/-- to: --/--/--)
Relationship to location place of church council attended
Type of location city
Reason for leaving n/a
   
Location(s) arrived at Roma [Rome]
Date of arrival 360 (from: --/--/360 to: --/--/--)
Relationship to location unknown
Type of location city
Reason for leaving recalled
Location(s) exile returned to Limonum/Pictavi [Poitiers]
Location of office after return

Activities in Exile

Activities Related to Doctrine Attends council at Seleucia in 359 and several councils in Gaul in 360, in Paris and places unknown; brings letter (ab episcopis Gallicanis ad orientales episcopos) to Rome in 360.
Died in exile? no
Reason for death
Writings in Exile yes
   
Title of writing de trinitate
Genre treatise
Extant? yes
Notes CCSL 62; 62A
   
Title of writing Letters to the bishops in Gaul
Genre correspondence
Extant? no
   
Title of writing de Trinitate
Genre Treatise
Extant? yes
Notes CCSL 62; 62A addressed to the bishops of Germania I et II, of Aquitania, of Novempopulania, to the people and clergy of Tolosa Narbonnensia and to bishops of the province Britannia
   
Title of writing Liber adversus Valentem et Ursacium
Genre pamphlet
Extant? partly
Notes Fragments edited in Fragm. hist. B. (CSEL 65).
   
Title of writing Liber in Constantium
Genre pamphlet
Extant? yes
Notes SC 334
   

Legal details

Threat only no
Refuge from judicial proceedings no
Consequence of asylum no
Offenses exiled for/accused of Refusal to condemn Athanasius
Legal type of exile exilium, relegatio
Additional punishments
Intended duration permanent
Actual duration nearly four years
Returned? yes
Reason for return troublemaking
Notes on return in de synodis 91, he says that he wouldn't have become acquainted with the Nicene faith had he not been banished.
Deposed by synod? no
Synod deposed by
Returned by synod? no
Synod returned by

Religious status, office and affiliation

Religious status before exile clerical
Religious status during exile ??
Religious status after return clerical
Clerical or ascetic office before exile bishop
Clerical or ascetic office during exile bishop
Clerical or ascetic office after return bishop
Enforced rank change? no
Notes on clerical and ascetic office The Arian Auxentius of Milan says in 364 that he lost his office, but Hilarius denies this: Hilarius of Poitiers, liber contra Auxentium 7 (PL 10:614)
Religious affiliation before exile
Religious affiliation during exile
Religious affiliation after return Nicaean
Died in exile? no

Cult

Venerated as a saint? Yes
Date Date: Unknown
Cult site
Relics
suburban basilica The relics do not appear to be extant any more. Locations: Limonum/Pictavi [Poitiers]Limonum/Pictavi [Poitiers] Date:

Exile Relationships: Interactions

    Liberius of Rome

  • Interaction Date 356 (from: --/--/356 to: --/--/--)
    Interaction Location Roma [Rome]
    Office Bishop of Rome
    Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
    Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile) cleric
    Relationship Quality allegiance
    Notes Sulpicius Severus, Chronica 2.39.4 (SC 441:314)
    Other Interaction Type
    Yes (Jointly condemned to exile)

    • Rhodanius of Toulouse

  • Interaction Date 356 (from: --/--/356 to: --/--/--)
    Interaction Location Tolosa [Toulouse]
    Office Bishop
    Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
    Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile) cleric
    Relationship Quality allegiance
    Notes Sulpicius Severus, Chronica 2.39.4 (SC 441:314)
    Other Interaction Type
    Yes (Jointly condemned to exile)

    • Valens of Mursa

  • Interaction Date 356 (from: --/--/356 to: --/--/--)
    Interaction Location Mursa [Osijek]
    Office Bishop
    Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile) Arian
    Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile) cleric
    Relationship Quality conflict
    Notes Hilarius of Poitiers, Liber adversus Valentem et Ursacium. Title quoted in Hieronymus, de viris illustribus 100 (Ceresa-Gastaldo, 204-6).
    Other Interaction Type
    Yes (addressee of polemical treatise)

    • Ursacius of Singidunum

  • Interaction Date 356 (from: --/--/356 to: --/--/--)
    Interaction Location Singidunum [Belgrade]
    Office Bishop
    Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile) Arian
    Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile) cleric
    Relationship Quality conflict
    Notes Hilarius of Poitiers, Liber adversus Valentem et Ursacium. Title quoted in Hieronymus, de viris illustribus 100 (Ceresa-Gastaldo, 204-6).
    Other Interaction Type
    Yes (addressee of polemical treatise)

    • Constantius II

  • Interaction Date 356 (from: --/--/356 to: --/--/--)
    Interaction Location
    Office Emperor
    Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile) Arian
    Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile) lay
    Relationship Quality conflict
    Notes
    Responsible for exile (or exile threat)
    Yes

    • Bishops of Gaul

  • Interaction Date 356-360 (from: --/--/356 to: --/--/360)
    Interaction Location Gallia [France]
    Office Bishop
    Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
    Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile) cleric
    Relationship Quality allegiance
    Notes Hilarius of Poitiers, ad Constantium 2.1 (CSEL 65:197-8)
    Correspondent
    Yes (receiver of letter)

    • Priests in Poitiers

  • Interaction Date 356-360 (from: --/--/356 to: --/--/360)
    Interaction Location Limonum/Pictavi [Poitiers]
    Office presbyter
    Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
    Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile) cleric
    Relationship Quality support
    Notes This is inferred from the fact that the priests continued to govern his see on his adviceHilarius of Poitiers, ad Constantium 2.1 (CSEL 65:197-8): says the priests are his intermediates to govern his see from exile.
    Correspondent
    Yes (receiver of letter, writer of letter)

    • Abra of Poitiers

  • Interaction Date 356-360 (from: --/--/356 to: --/--/360)
    Interaction Location Limonum/Pictavi [Poitiers]
    Office Nun
    Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
    Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile) cleric
    Relationship Quality kinship
    Notes Venantius Fortunatus, vita s. Hilarii 6 (MGH auct. ant. 4.2:3): Hilarius writes to his daughter, saying that she should not marry the rich man who is pursuing her but she should stay a virgin in the service of God.
    Correspondent
    Yes (receiver of letter)

    • 160 Eastern bishops

  • Interaction Date September 359 (from: --/9/359 to: --/--/--)
    Interaction Location Seleucia ad Calycadnum/Tracheia [Silifke]
    Office Bishop
    Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
    Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile) cleric
    Relationship Quality allegiance
    Notes
    Other Interaction Type
    Yes (Joint attendant of council)

    • Constantius II

  • Interaction Date after September 359 (from: --/9/359 to: --/--/360)
    Interaction Location Constantinopolis [Istanbul]
    Office Emperor
    Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile) Arian
    Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile) lay
    Relationship Quality conflict
    Notes unsuccessfully tries to meet Saturninus of Arles
    Correspondent Person/group appealed to
    Yes Yes

    • Ten Nicaean and ten 'heretical' bishops

  • Interaction Date after September 359 (from: --/9/359 to: --/--/360)
    Interaction Location Seleucia ad Calycadnum/Tracheia [Silifke]
    Office Bishop
    Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
    Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile) cleric
    Relationship Quality support
    Notes
    Other Interaction Type
    Yes (Joint delegates to Constantinople)

    • Saturninus of Arles

  • Interaction Date 360 (from: --/--/360 to: --/--/--)
    Interaction Location Col. Arelate [Arles]
    Office Bishop
    Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile) Arian
    Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile) cleric
    Relationship Quality conflict
    Notes Sulpicius Severus 2.45
    Responsible for exile (or exile threat)
    Yes

    • Saturninus of Arles

  • Interaction Date 360 (from: --/--/360 to: --/--/--)
    Interaction Location Col. Arelate [Arles]
    Office Bishop
    Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile) Arian
    Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile) cleric
    Relationship Quality conflict
    Notes Hilarius was involved in the excommunication of Saturninus when he returnedSulpicius Severus 2.45
    Other Interaction Type
    Yes (excommunicated with help of exile)

    • Martinus of Tours

  • Interaction Date 360 (from: --/--/360 to: --/--/--)
    Interaction Location Roma [Rome]
    Office
    Religious Affiliation (at time of relationship with exile)
    Religious Status (at time of relationship with exile) lay
    Relationship Quality support
    Notes Sulpicius Severus, Vita Martini 6-7. Martinus and Hilarius may have visited bishop Liberius of Rome, but this is not attested. Thereafter Martinus founds a monastery.
    Visitor
    Yes

Other Relationships: Contacts of an exiled Person/Group's contacts'

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